When Donald Trump pledged to reopen the notorious Alcatraz prison as a detention center for immigrants and violent offenders, the idea was met with contempt and mockery. San Francisco leaders have called it Trump’s “stupidest idea yet” and threatened to cut off the island’s sewage and garbage services if the president acts on his carceral ambitions.
当唐纳德·特朗普承诺重新开放臭名昭著的恶魔岛监狱作为移民和暴力罪犯的拘留中心时，这个想法遭到了蔑视和嘲笑。旧金山领导人称这是特朗普“迄今为止最愚蠢的想法”，并威胁说，如果总统实现他的监禁野心，他将切断岛上的污水和垃圾服务。

But for the Indigenous people of the San Francisco Bay Area, the idea was more than just laughable. It was an affront to their identity, and an attempt to erase the island’s history as a site of Indigenous resistance.
但对于旧金山湾区的原住民来说，这个想法不仅仅是可笑的。这是对他们身份的侮辱，并试图抹去该岛作为原住民抵抗场所的历史。

After the federal prison shut down in 1963, the island took on a second life as the scene of one of the most important acts of Native American resistance in modern history. Between November 1969 and June 1971, Indigenous activists occupied Alcatraz for 19 months, demanding rights and resources for Native people.
1963 年联邦监狱关闭后，该岛获得了第二次生命，成为现代历史上最重要的美洲原住民抵抗行动之一的场景。1969 年 11 月至 1971 年 6 月期间，土著活动人士占领恶魔岛长达 19 个月，要求为原住民争取权利和资源。

Now, as Trump appears set on pushing ahead despite the extraordinary costs and logistical hurdles, tribal members are fighting to preserve a history that is still little-known beyond Indigenous circles.
现在，尽管付出了巨大的成本和后勤障碍，特朗普似乎仍决心继续前进，部落成员正在努力保护一段在原住民圈子之外仍然鲜为人知的历史。

Alcatraz has always loomed large for April McGill. Growing up in Mishewal Wappo territory in California’s Sonoma county, McGill, who is a member of the Yuki and Wappo tribes, frequently heard stories from the veterans of the occupation who lived in her community. Her aunt even babysat the children of Richard and Annie Oakes, who led the movement.
恶魔岛对艾普丽尔·麦吉尔来说一直很显眼。麦吉尔在加利福尼亚州索诺玛县的米什瓦尔瓦波地区长大，是尤基部落和瓦波部落的成员，经常听到居住在她社区的占领退伍军人的故事。她的姑姑甚至照顾领导该运动的理查德·奥克斯 （Richard Oakes） 和安妮·奥克斯 （Annie Oakes） 的孩子。

When she moved to San Francisco as a teenager, the island’s shadow grew – especially as McGill, who is now executive director of the city’s American Indian cultural center, became increasingly involved in activism herself, and learned about the pivotal role the occupation played in maintaining Native sovereignty in California and nationwide. “It holds a really personal, deep place to me,” McGill said. “It symbolizes so much of our history.”
当她十几岁时搬到旧金山时，岛上的阴影越来越大——尤其是当麦吉尔现在是该市美洲印第安人文化中心的执行董事时，她自己也越来越多地参与激进主义，并了解了占领在维护加利福尼亚和全国原住民主权方面发挥的关键作用。“它对我来说占有非常个人化、深刻的地位，”麦吉尔说。“它象征着我们历史的很多东西。”

McGill and other Indigenous leaders from the San Francisco Bay Area were appalled when the Trump administration confirmed its plans to reopen the island, even sending a delegation out to tour the shuttered facilities in July.
当特朗普政府确认重新开放该岛的计划时，麦吉尔和其他来自旧金山湾区的原住民领导人感到震惊，甚至在 7 月份派出一个代表团参观了关闭的设施。

Beyond erasing the historical significance the island holds for Native peoples, McGill says that the notion of using the site to pursue the president’s anti-immigrant agenda hearkens back to the state’s history of violence against Indigenous groups – and that any actions the administration takes will be met with pushback from the community.
麦吉尔说，除了抹去该岛对原住民的历史意义之外，利用该地点来推行总统的反移民议程的想法让人回想起该州针对土著群体的暴力历史——政府采取的任何行动都将遭到社区的抵制。

“[They want to use it as a] place to commit inhumane violence against people who are here trying to escape violence,” McGill said. “It’s very retraumatizing. It wasn’t that long ago that we were violently displaced and put in camps. We see this as a repeat of that history.”
麦吉尔说：“[他们想利用它作为]对试图逃避暴力的人们实施不人道暴力的地方。“这非常令人痛苦。不久前，我们被迫流离失所并被关进难民营。我们认为这是那段历史的重演。

Most of these criticisms of Trump’s plan focuses on the cost of refurbishing the site, which was shuttered more than 60 years ago – instead becoming a historical landmark and tourist destination run by the National Parks Service since 1972 – precisely because the infrastructure had become too expensive to maintain. Estimates put the cost of modernizing the facility at as much as $2bn, to which San Francisco’s Mayor Daniel Lurie responded that the city “could use that funding to keep our streets safe and clean”.
对特朗普计划的大多数批评都集中在翻新该地点的成本上，该地点在 60 多年前就被关闭了，而是自 1972 年以来成为国家公园管理局运营的历史地标和旅游目的地——正是因为基础设施变得太昂贵而无法维护。据估计，该设施现代化的成本高达 20 亿美元，旧金山市长丹尼尔·卢里 （Daniel Lurie） 对此回应称，该市“可以利用这笔资金来保持我们的街道安全和清洁”。

But for Indigenous leaders, the proposal’s audacity goes beyond its hefty price tag.
但对于原住民领导人来说，该提案的大胆超出了其高昂的价格标签。

According to Virginia Hedrick, executive director of the California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, Trump’s aims undermine Alcatraz’s status as a “beacon of resistance” for Indigenous people in California and nationwide. That’s because the 1969 occupation was more than a symbolic act of defiance – it spurred meaningful changes in federal policy with regards to Native sovereignty and support for tribal nations.
加州城市印第安人健康联盟执行董事弗吉尼亚·赫德里克 （Virginia Hedrick） 表示，特朗普的目标破坏了恶魔岛作为加州和全国原住民“抵抗灯塔”的地位。这是因为 1969 年的占领不仅仅是一种象征性的反抗行为——它刺激了联邦政策在原住民主权和对部落国家的支持方面的有意义的变化。

“What came out of the occupation were tangible things,” Hedrick said, pointing to the development of California’s Indian health delivery system, which she says was floundering before protesters on Alcatraz demanded better healthcare. “This movement was about honoring the treaties, making the federal government make good on its promises.”
“占领带来的是有形的东西，”赫德里克说，她指出了加州印第安人医疗服务系统的发展，她说，在恶魔岛的抗议者要求更好的医疗保健之前，该系统正在陷入困境。“这场运动是为了遵守条约，让联邦政府兑现其承诺。”

It was in response to the occupation that President Richard Nixon shifted the federal policy on Native treaties from “termination” to one of “self-determination” for Native peoples, echoed the writer and film-maker Julian Brave NoiseCat, who grew up in the Bay Area and descends from British Columbia’s Tsq’escen and Lil’Wat First Nations.
正是为了应对占领，理查德·尼克松总统将联邦原住民条约政策从“终止”转变为原住民的“自决”政策，作家兼电影制片人朱利安·勇敢的噪音猫（Julian Brave NoiseCat）呼应了在湾区长大、不列颠哥伦比亚省的 Tsq’escen 和 Lil’Wat 原住民的后裔。

As a teenager, NoiseCat spent Thursday evenings at East Oakland’s Intertribal Friendship House practicing powwow drum and dance. At the end of the night, he said, participants would gather and sing the American Indian Movement song. “We would sing that song to carry forward the movement that had begun at Alcatraz and that endures to this day,” he said.
十几岁的时候，NoiseCat 每周四晚上在东奥克兰的部落间友谊之家练习 powwow 鼓和舞蹈。他说，当晚结束时，参与者会聚集在一起唱美国印第安人运动歌曲 。“我们会唱那首歌来发扬在恶魔岛开始并持续到今天的运动，”他说。

To NoiseCat and others, the lack of acknowledgment of these histories in current discussions about Alcatraz’s future illuminates broader issues of Indigenous erasure. “For me, Alcatraz represents the starting point of the Native rights movement,” he said, calling the occupation the “Montgomery bus boycott of Indigenous rights”, in reference to the seminal civil rights protest.
对于 NoiseCat 和其他人来说，在当前关于恶魔岛未来的讨论中缺乏对这些历史的承认，这阐明了更广泛的原住民抹杀问题。“对我来说，恶魔岛代表了原住民权利运动的起点，”他说，并将占领称为“蒙哥马利巴士抵制原住民权利”，指的是开创性的民权抗议活动。

That erasure extends to discussions of how federal dollars could be better spent. Core goals of the Alcatraz occupation included establishing an Indigenous cultural center and college, explained McGill. Today, the cultural center she runs can’t afford a brick-and-mortar homebase in San Francisco, forcing it to operate virtually. “Give that money to American Indian people so that we can have a cultural center, so we can create housing,” she said, adding that Indigenous people have among the highest rates of homelessness, health disparities, and incarceration in San Francisco. “And yet, we’re always the last at the table,” she said.
这种抹杀延伸到了关于如何更好地使用联邦资金的讨论。麦吉尔解释说，恶魔岛占领的核心目标包括建立土著文化中心和学院。如今，她经营的文化中心负担不起旧金山的实体基地，迫使它以虚拟方式运营。“把这笔钱给美洲印第安人，这样我们就可以拥有一个文化中心，这样我们就可以建造住房，”她说，并补充说，原住民的无家可归率、健康差异和监禁率是旧金山最高的。“然而，我们总是最后一个，”她说。

For Hedrick, a member of California’s Yurok tribe, that repeated dismissal is “par for the course” considering the Ohlone people – the tribe indigenous to the lands of the Bay Area, including the island of Alcatraz – remain federally unrecognized. “The federal government is proposing rebuilding, resurrecting a prison, estimated to cost hundreds of millions of dollars, while continuing to overlook the Ohlone people,” Hedrick said. “That is complete Indigenous erasure right there.”
对于加利福尼亚尤罗克部落成员赫德里克来说，考虑到奥隆人——包括恶魔岛在内的湾区土地上的土著部落——仍然未得到联邦承认，反复解雇是“理所当然的”。“联邦政府正在提议重建，复兴一座监狱，估计耗资数亿美元，同时继续忽视奥隆人，”赫德里克说。“这就是对土著的彻底抹杀。”

Hedrick is committed to ensuring that the Indigenous ties to Alcatraz are central to the island’s public perception. She makes a point of visiting the island at least a few times every year to teach about the American Indian Movement. And she emphasizes that the island is home to important cultural events, including a sunrise gathering that takes place every October for Indigenous Peoples Day.
赫德里克致力于确保原住民与恶魔岛的联系成为该岛公众认知的核心。她每年至少会去岛上几次，教授美洲印第安人运动。她强调，该岛是重要文化活动的举办地，包括每年 10 月原住民日举行的日出聚会 。

She says that if the administration moves forward with reopening the island as a prison, the community is prepared to fight back. “We’ll see communities gather again,” she said. “We have attorneys, we movement-building organizations in California who will organize and work in lockstep.
她说，如果政府继续将该岛重新开放为监狱，社区将准备反击。“我们将看到社区再次聚集在一起，”她说。“我们有律师，我们在加利福尼亚州的运动建设组织，他们将步调一致地组织和工作。

“We’ve come a long way.”
“我们已经走了很长一段路。”